
If you want a long-lasting pump that is both very efficient and corrosion-resistant, submersible well pumps are fantastic. Since submersible pumps have a drill limit of 120 feet, they are superior to most well pump variations. Submersible pumps can be drilled down to about 400 feet at the same time.
They are a feasible option for rapidly bringing potable water to the surface because of the increased drill limit. They might, however, also pose some risks to homeowners who possess domestic water wells. You will benefit from speaking with your well drilling company and learning about submersible well pumps.
If you have a home water well, you should be aware of the following information regarding submersible well pumps. These are the things to know about submersible well pumps:
The Basics Of Submersible Well Pumps
Submersible well pumps are the workhorses of deep well water access. Here's how they bring water to your home:
Design
Submerged Motor. Unlike jet pumps, which have a motor above ground, submersible pumps have a sealed, water-resistant motor placed directly down the well casing. This allows them to operate continuously underwater.
Impellers, fan-like blades spin within the pump housing, creating centrifugal force. As the impeller rotates, it pushes water towards the discharge outlet.
Pressure Switch (Optional). For homes with a pressure tank, a switch automatically turns the pump on when water pressure drops (when taps are opened) and off when the tank is full.
Installation
1. Prep the Well. The well casing diameter needs to be compatible with the chosen pump size. A qualified well technician can ensure a proper fit.
2. Lowering the Pump. The pump is lowered into the well casing using a sturdy pump cable and secured with a safety line.
3. Electrical Connection. A waterproof electrical cable, separate from the pump cable, supplies power to the motor. A licensed electrician should handle this part.
4. Discharge Pipe. A pipe connects the pump outlet to the wellhead and onwards to your plumbing system.
Why Submersible Pumps For Deep Wells?
Regular jet pumps rely on atmospheric pressure to draw water. This suction power weakens significantly with depth. Submersible pumps, positioned closer to the water source, experience minimal limitations and can effectively lift water from hundreds of feet below. Being submerged keeps the motor cool, preventing overheating and extending pump life.
Cavitation Prevention. Submersible pumps are constantly surrounded by water, eliminating the risk of cavitation, a damaging phenomenon that occurs when pumps create air bubbles due to low pressure.
Since the pump is downhole, there's less distance for water to travel, minimizing energy loss. The impeller design efficiently converts motor power into water movement.
Advantages Of Submersible Well Pumps
Their submerged design ensures whisper-quiet operation, sparing you from the disruptive noise associated with surface pumps. Moreover, submersible pumps are renowned for their impressive lifespan, offering years of reliable service without frequent maintenance.
Since drawing water up from a well involves dynamics, above-ground water pumps are more likely to experience mechanical issues and malfunctions. Prime may be lost in above-ground pumps, leading to motor burnout and eventual replacement.
Submersible pumps are less prone to malfunctions and can endure for up to 25 years before requiring replacement. Cavitation is a prevalent issue in above-ground pump systems. Since submersible pumps are typically located far below the water's surface, they are not susceptible to cavitation issues.
The central component of your drinking water delivery system is the well pump. One effective and comparatively low-maintenance way to provide your family with safe, ample drinking water is to use a submersible pump to force water from your well into your house.
Unlike surface pumps, they significantly reduce the risk of cavitation, ensuring smooth and uninterrupted water flow. From enhanced efficiency to whisper-quiet performance and longevity, submersible well pumps emerge as the superior choice for all your water extraction needs.
Choosing The Right Submersible Pump
Not all submersible pumps are created equal. Here's how to ensure you choose the one that keeps your water flowing smoothly:
1. Knowing Your Well
Well Depth. This is crucial. Standard submersible pumps have varying depth capacities. Choose a pump rated for a depth greater than your well's depth to avoid straining the motor.
2. Water Needs Assessment
Daily Water Usage. Consider the average daily water consumption of your household. This will determine the pump's capacity to meet your demands.
3. Flow Rate Matters
Gallons Per Minute (GPM). This indicates how much water the pump can deliver per minute. Factor in the number of faucets, showers, and appliances that might be running simultaneously to ensure sufficient flow.
4. Material Matters
Pump Housing and Impeller. These components experience wear and tear. For clean water wells, cast iron or stainless steel offer good durability. For wells with high sand content, consider abrasion-resistant options.
5. Matching Pump To Needs
Don't Oversize. A pump exceeding your needs wastes energy and might not last as long. If you anticipate future water usage increase, selecting a pump with a bit more capacity can provide a buffer.
Horsepower (HP). Generally, higher HP pumps handle greater depths and flow rates, but also consume more electricity. Choose a HP rating that meets your needs without being excessive. Float Switch. This automatic on/off switch based on water level prevents the pump from running dry and protects the motor.
Installation Considerations
While submersible well pumps seem straightforward, proper installation is essential for their efficiency, longevity, and safety. Here's what you need to consider:
Why A Qualified Professional Matters?
Expertise - Installing a submersible pump involves working with electrical wiring, lowering heavy equipment into a well casing, and ensuring proper connections. A licensed well technician possesses the knowledge and experience to handle these tasks safely and effectively.
Safety First - Wells can contain harmful gases or bacteria. Professionals have the proper safety gear and procedures to minimize risks.
Finding The Perfect Depth
Submergence Matters - Placing the pump too low can lead to overheating or drawing in sediment. Conversely, positioning it too high reduces its ability to access water. A professional can determine the optimal depth based on your well's water table and pump specifications.
Water Quality - Shallow placement might pull in surface water with contaminants. A professional can recommend a depth that ensures clean water access.
Local Codes And Regulations
Compliance is Key - Most areas have regulations regarding well pump installations. These may cover pump type, safety features, and environmental considerations. A qualified professional will be familiar with and ensure adherence to these local codes.
Permits Might be Needed - Obtaining the necessary permits before installation is crucial to avoid legal issues and potential rework. A well service company can assist with this process.
Pitless Adapter - This component protects the wellhead and pressure tank from freezing in cold climates. A professional can advise on its necessity and proper installation.
Pressure Tank Selection - The pressure tank size should be appropriate for your water usage patterns. A professional can recommend the right size to ensure consistent water pressure.
Maintenance Tips For Submersible Well Pumps
Ensure the longevity and optimal performance of your submersible well pump with these essential maintenance tips. Regular inspections are key to identifying any potential issues early on.
Check the electrical components, including wires, connections, and controls, for signs of wear or corrosion, and promptly replace any damaged parts. Prevent sediment buildup by periodically flushing the well to clear debris and maintain proper water flow.
Additionally, monitor the pump's pressure and flow rates to detect any deviations from normal operation, which could indicate underlying problems.
By staying vigilant and proactive with maintenance tasks, you can extend the lifespan of your submersible well pump and ensure reliable, efficient water extraction for years to come.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even the most reliable submersible well pump can encounter occasional hiccups. Here's a guide to identify common problems and take initial troubleshooting steps:
1. Loss Of Water Pressure
Check the Pressure Gauge - A low reading might indicate a faulty pressure switch, air pressure issues in the pressure tank, or a leak in the system.
Inspect for Leaks - Visually check for leaks around pipes, connections, and the pressure tank.
2. Short Cycling (Frequent On/Off)
Pressure Switch Issues - A malfunctioning switch might cause the pump to turn on and off rapidly.
Shallow Water Level - If the water table has dropped significantly, the pump might be turning on and off more frequently to maintain pressure.
3. Unusual Noises
Grinding or Cavitation - This could indicate air bubbles in the system, a clogged pump intake, or worn impeller.
Banging - This might be caused by a loose pump or debris in the well casing.
Basic Troubleshooting Steps
1. Reset the Pressure Switch - Sometimes, a simple reset can resolve switch malfunctions. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Cycle the Power - Turn off the breaker that supplies power to the well pump for a few minutes, then turn it back on. This can sometimes resolve minor electrical issues.
When To Call A Professional?
No Improvement After Basic Steps - If troubleshooting steps don't fix the problem, it's best to call a qualified well service technician.
Electrical Issues - Never attempt to fix electrical problems yourself. Leave it to a licensed electrician.
Suspected Pump Failure - Replacing a submersible pump can be complex. Consulting a professional ensures proper pump selection and safe installation.
Energy Efficiency And Conservation
Submersible well pumps are workhorses, but they can also be energy guzzlers. Here are steps you can take to ensure your pump runs efficiently, saving you money and reducing your environmental impact:
Choosing The Right Pump
Energy Star Certified - Look for models with the Energy Star label, signifying superior energy efficiency.
Right-size Your Pump - An oversized pump wastes energy by constantly cycling on and off. A qualified professional can help you select a pump with the capacity to meet your water needs without overdoing it.
Optimizing System Performance
Regular Maintenance - Schedule regular inspections by a well service professional. Worn components can reduce efficiency.
Cleanliness is Key - Mineral buildup and sediment can impede water flow, forcing the pump to work harder. A professional cleaning might be needed.
Air Bladder Check - The air pressure in the pressure tank maintains water pressure and pump cycling. Ensure it's at the manufacturer's recommended level.
Addressing Potential Issues
Minimize Leaks - Even small leaks waste water and strain the pump. Fix any leaks promptly.
Pressure Switch Settings - A qualified professional can verify if your pressure switch settings are optimal to avoid unnecessary pump cycles.
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Consideration - For advanced users, a VFD can adjust pump speed based on water demand, potentially leading to significant energy savings. Consult a well service professional to assess if a VFD is suitable for your system.
See Also: 5 Helpful Water Well Maintenance Tips