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5 Different Types Of Well-Pressure Tanks - Pros And Cons Explained

Discover the ultimate guide to well-pressure tanks! different types of well-pressure tanks, from bladder to diaphragm, galvanized to fiberglass, tailored to your needs.

Dec 18, 202441.3K Shares645.4K Views
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  1. 1. Air-Over-Water Pressure Tanks
  2. 2. Diaphragm Pressure Tanks
  3. 3. Bladder Pressure Tanks
  4. 4. Galvanized Pressure Tanks
  5. 5. Composite Pressure Tanks
  6. How To Size A Well Pressure Tank And Understanding Your Options
5 Different Types Of Well-Pressure Tanks - Pros And Cons Explained

A tank is used in well water systems to keep the pressure constant. A submersible or jet well pump is used in a home water well system to pump water from the ground into the building.

In addition to keeping the water pressure in the house constant, a well pressure tank serves as a reservoir, holding the water required for the house and alerting the pump when the water level drops and needs to be replenished. The way the tanks keep the system's water pressure constant differs. Here are 5 different types of well-pressure tanksexplained:

1. Air-Over-Water Pressure Tanks

The air-over-water pressure tank stands as a venerable stalwart in the realm of well water systems, boasting a design simplicity that has stood the test of time. In this classic configuration, both water and air find their home within the same chamber, eliminating the need for complex separations or additional compartments.

This straightforward setup not only simplifies installation but also offers an affordable solution for homeowners seeking reliable water pressure regulation without breaking the bank.

Pros

  • Simple design. Easy to install and maintain due to the lack of complex internal components.
  • Low initial cost. Generally the most affordable option among different pressure tank types.
  • Widely available. Found at most hardware stores and plumbing supply shops.

Cons

  • Less usable water. The air-water interface takes up space in the tank, reducing the usable water capacity compared to other designs.
  • Frequent cycling. The pump may turn on and off more frequently due to the smaller water reserve, potentially leading to increased wear and tear.
  • Maintenance required. Regular air pressure checks and adjustments are necessary to maintain proper functionality, often every few months.
  • Prone to waterlogging. Over time, air can leak from the tank, allowing water to enter the air chamber and rendering the tank inoperable.
  • Less efficient. Compared to newer designs, they may use more energy due to the increased pump cycling.
  • Shorter lifespan. May need to be replaced more frequently than other pressure tank types.

2. Diaphragm Pressure Tanks

Diaphragm pressure tanks are a more advanced type of pressure tank used in well systems. They feature a flexible diaphragm or membrane that creates a barrier between the water and air chambers inside the tank. Water is stored on one side of the diaphragm, while pre-charged pressurized air occupies the other side.

Pros

  • Reduced Maintenance. The diaphragm design significantly reduces the need for maintenance compared to air-over-water tanks. The barrier provided by the diaphragm keeps the air and water separate.
  • No Waterlogging. The separation of air and water chambers practically eliminates the issue of waterlogging.
  • Have longer lifespans than air-over-water tanks. Since the membrane protects the tank from internal rust.
  • Be smaller relative to their capacity. Allowing for easier installation in tight spaces.

Cons

  • Diaphragm failure. The biggest concern is the diaphragm failure, which can happen over time due to wear and tear, or exposure to harsh chemicals in the water.
  • Limited repairability. Unlike bladder tanks where the bladder can be replaced individually.
  • Potential waterlogging. If the diaphragm develops a small leak, waterlogging can occur.
  • Higher cost. Compared to some other types like bladder tanks, diaphragm tanks can be a more expensive option upfront.

3. Bladder Pressure Tanks

Enter the bladder pressure tank, a modern marvel in the realm of well water systems. Similar in design to the diaphragm tank, the bladder tank features a crucial innovation a flexible bladder nestled within its confines. This bladder serves as a reservoir, securely holding water within its confines, offering a distinct advantage in terms of maintenance and longevity.

Unlike traditional tanks, where water directly contacts the interior walls, the bladder creates a barrier, preventing any direct contact and minimizing the risk of corrosion or contamination.

But the benefits of bladder tanks extend far beyond their protective prowess. These tanks boast unparalleled efficiency and convenience, thanks to their unique design. By maintaining a separate air chamber, the bladder tank ensures consistent air pressure, eliminating the need for frequent adjustments.

Pros

  • The bladder separates air and water, preventing waterlogged air and frequent pump cycling, which extends pump life.
  • The bladder keeps the water clean and free of contamination from air or the tank itself.
  • The pre-charged air in the bladder provides consistent water pressure throughout the house.
  • Compared to other types like air-over-water tanks, bladder tanks typically have a longer lifespan due to reduced wear on the pump and the bladder itself.

Cons

  • Bladder tanks are generally more expensive than other types of pressure tanks.
  • If the bladder fails, it requires replacing the entire tank, unlike a diaphragm tank where only the diaphragm needs to be replaced.
  • Leaks in the bladder may not be immediately noticeable as water doesn't mix with the air, potentially leading to undetected issues.

4. Galvanized Pressure Tanks

Galvanized pressure tanks are a specific type of air-over-water pressure tank known for their extended lifespan and robust construction.

Galvanized pressure tanks rely solely on the air-over-water design, lacking a diaphragm or bladder to separate the components. The entire tank acts as a single chamber, with air occupying the upper portion and water filling the lower section. As the well pump cycles on, water fills the tank, compressing the air above it. This compressed air creates the necessary pressure that pushes water through the plumbing system when the pump is off.

Pros

The lack of a bladder or diaphragm contributes to the:

  • Durability. Galvanized steel construction offers superior corrosion resistance compared to plain steel tanks, leading to a longer lifespan.
  • Affordability. The simpler design generally translates to a lower initial cost compared to diaphragm tanks.

Cons

  • Susceptibility to Waterlogging. Similar to traditional air-over-water tanks, galvanized tanks are prone to waterlogging. Over time, water can accumulate in the bottom of the tank, displacing the air and rendering it unable to maintain pressure.
  • Need for Air Volume Control. As in other air-over-water models, regular monitoring and adjustments to the air pressure are necessary to compensate for air dissolving into the water. This can be inconvenient and require manual adjustments with an air compressor.

5. Composite Pressure Tanks

Enter the realm of composite pressure tanks, where innovation meets durability in a lightweight package. Crafted from materials like fiberglass, these tanks stand as beacons of modern engineering, offering a trifecta of benefits: corrosion resistance, longevity, and versatility.

Unlike their traditional counterparts, composite tanks boast a remarkable resistance to rust and degradation, making them ideal for even the harshest water conditions.

Pros

  • Unlike steel tanks, composite tanks are resistant to rust and corrosion, making them ideal for areas with harsh water conditions.
  • Composite tanks are significantly lighter than steel tanks, making them easier to transport and install, especially for larger sizes.
  • Due to their resistance to corrosion and other factors, composite tanks generally have a longer lifespan compared to steel tanks.
  • Composite tanks require minimal maintenance, unlike steel tanks which may need periodic repainting.
  • In case of failure, composite tanks typically fragment rather than explode, posing less risk of injury or property damage.

Cons

  • Composite tanks are generally more expensive than steel tanks upfront.
  • While rare, the layers of the composite material can delaminate over time, leading to leaks.
  • Composite tanks can be more susceptible to damage from impacts or punctures compared to steel tanks.
  • Composite tanks are not readily available in larger sizes compared to steel tanks.
  • Disposing of composite tanks can be more challenging due to environmental regulations compared to steel tanks.

How To Size A Well Pressure Tank And Understanding Your Options

The majority of pressure tank manufacturers will offer advice on selecting the ideal operating settings and pressure tank size for your system. Speak with a certified expert if you're unsure of the tank size that will work best for your circumstances.

There are some terms used in the industry that you may encounter when reading the manufacturer's instructions on new pressure tanks and associated pumps, like drawdown and pump runtime.

Runtime

Runtime is the amount of time the pressure tank's pump must run in order to keep the application's pressure at the specified level. Pressure tank manufacturers generally recommend a runtime of less than a minute for a pump motor with 1 horsepower or less, though you may observe some fluctuation.

The runtime for motors with more than one horsepower should be two minutes or greater. Nonetheless, you should always follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for your specific model.

Drawdown

Drawdown is yet another crucial concept to comprehend. The pressure in the tank that is released via the plumbing system is this amount. The pump will operate less frequently to maintain the proper pressure level if this quantity of pressure is adjusted correctly, assuring optimal performance, reducing energy expenses, and extending the pump's lifespan.

See Also: How To Add Air In A Well Water Pressure Tank

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